Harvard Referencing Free Essays

The Harvard referencing framework It is significant that you distinguish in your appraisal when you are utilizing the words or thoughts of another creator. The most acknowledged method of recognizing crafted by another creator is to utilize a referencing framework. It is significant that you record the subtleties of your sources as you study. We will compose a custom paper test on Harvard Referencing or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now When taking notes, utilize a different page for each new book, diary article, or electronic source. At the highest point of each page, plainly record the accompanying data for future reference. For books, record: * The author’s or editor’s name (or names) * The year the book was distributed * The title of the book If it is a version other than the first * The city the book was distributed in * The name of the distributer For diary articles record: * The author’s name or names * The year where the diary was distributed * The title of the article * The title of the diary * The page number/s of the article in the diary * As a lot other data as you can discover about the diary, for instance the volume and issue numbers For electronic assets, attempt to gather the data on the left in the event that it is accessible, yet in addition record: * The date you got to the source * The electronic location or email The kind of electronic asset (email, conversation discussion, WWW page, and so on) Whenever you use somebody else’s thoughts or words, you should place in a reference. Direct citations †this is the point at which you duplicate another author’s material in exactly the same words. You should show the peruser that it is an immediate statement by setting the material in transformed commas. Customarily, twofold upset commas have been utilized (â€Å") however it is currently worthy, and desirable over utilize single altered commas (‘). Now and then it is hard to dodge the immediate citation as the author’s words may exactly portray the point you are attempting to make. A model for direct statement from a book or diary article with one writer: When sorting out our time, Adair (1988: 51) states that ‘the focal point will in general be objectives and objectives’. Or then again When sorting out our time ‘the highlight will in general be objectives and objectives’ (Adair, 1988: 51). At the point when you take another author’s thoughts and put them into your own words. You are as yet duplicating somebody else’s work, so you should reference it. You don't have to utilize reversed commas when you rework, yet you should plainly show the peruser the first wellspring of your data. The entirety of the sources you allude to in the fundamental body of your task should be recorded toward the finish of the task in a reference list. While making a reference list, the sources ought to be recorded one after another in order by author’s last name, however when the creator is mysterious or obscure for any one source, embed that source in the in order list utilizing the title of the source rather than the author’s name. All sources ought to be recorded together; there ought not be independent records for books versus diary articles versus electronic sources. The reference rundown ought to be on a different page from the remainder of the task and ought to be just named ‘References’ and the title ought to be in a similar textual style and size as different headings in your task. At the point when you utilize the Harvard System, you are just typically required to create a reference list. It is commonly significant in the content of a task to show the peruser the author’s name, date of distribution and page quantities of the first source. In the reference show, it is significant that the author’s name, the time of distribution, pertinent titles, and different access data is reliably replicated. Division of Lifelong Learning: Study Skills Series http://training. exeter. air conditioning. uk/dll/studyskills/harvard_referencing. htm Central Queensland University ESLS Unit (2001) Referencing: The Harvard referencing framework, [Online], Available: http://www. cqu. edu. au/edserv/undegrad/clc/content/assets. htm [14 Aug 2001] Lewis, D. (ed. ) (1999) The composed task, Brisbane: QUT Publications. Wells, D. (2001) Harvard referencing, [Online], Available: http://lisweb. curtin. edu. au/guides/gifts/harvard. html [14 Aug 2001]. The most effective method to refer to Harvard Referencing, Essay models

Pot Tending Machine Essay Example

Pot Tending Machine Essay Anode checking Cleaning the pit by scoop Placing new anode Covering of anode New anode in this manner set beginnings drawing current following 2-3 hours. To check if new anode is set appropriately, it ought to pull back current inside the scope of 0. NV to 1. 5 NV following 16 hours. Imperfections in anode change: I) Low set anodes-For this situation, anode draws higher current. It can bring about clad disappointment and square drop and subsequently upset the metal steadiness. II) High set anodes-The anode set Like this will draw less current. Subsequently, the neighboring anodes will draw high current causing a voltage shake. Iii) Improper turning This leaves coke and huge covering pieces Jutting out in the depression framing mushrooms and spikes which will move the metal in the pot ,bringing about voltage shake. Iv) Improper Anode Covering-This causes anode consuming and drop outs.The delay creation of metal In the pot room Is 2-2. 4 tons around. I Norte, residency Is a need to nave an attractive Ana tamale Dalliance, metal cushion strength and to forestall additional warmth misfortune because of high metal level. For this reason, tapping is performed utilizing a 16 ton limit nonmagnetic snare which keeps up an ideal shower level restricting the cooling inclination of pot. 16 MAT Tapping streetcar Firstly, the pouring spout is shut with an asbestos ring. The tapping hose pipe goes into the endeavor. The tapping gap is made greater or skimming is done to scoop out coke or lose carbon dust utilizing a preheated carbon scoop. We will compose a custom paper test on Pot Tending Machine explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Pot Tending Machine explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Pot Tending Machine explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Around 3 spoons, again preheated to dodge blast with dampness, are utilized with a tare weight of not in excess of 8000 barrel. The guide of the scoop is put into the tapping gap and the air valve is opened to begin the tapping activity. The last weight of the scoop must not surpass the ideal load by in excess of 20 barrels. In the wake of tapping; the scoop is set on Mats for transport. A pot controller keeps a mind the tapping procedure dependent on he voltage expanding pattern. On the off chance that the voltage distinguished is higher than 80 NV, the essential anode is brought down consequently for around 0. 8 seconds. This aides in keeping up the anode cathode separation steady, when metal level falls during tapping. Further if anode impact happens, tapping is put to a stop till the end of anode impact. On the off chance that the voltage deviation between expected voltage and the voltage identified in ceaseless 3 min after aluminum tapping begins is not exactly numb or all out time of anode bringing down is not as much as cosec, programmed aluminum tapping control leave work is enacted. The last metal tapping sum relies upon pot temperature, metal tallness, shower stature, and Creosote proportion and clamor level inside the pot. Different elements controlling the tapping sum are voltage shake, anode impacts and different variations from the norm. Shaft RAISING: as of now referenced, the anode bar gets devoured in the long run and has an all out voyaging separation of just 40 SMS, it should be raised to keep up a steady anode and cathode separation of 4. 5 SMS. Pillar raising utilizes two helper snares of 16 tons limit each for conveying the shaft raising Gig. All through this, a hose reel coming out of APT gives a packed IR flexibly to the pillar raising gathering for keeping up a suggested weight of 6 bars. Every anode pole is embedded into the green legs of Gig outline and the snares are left free with the goal that entire casing lays on superstructure of pot . A wrench is brought down until the apparatus is totally on the axle of the anode cinch . So now, the clips are relaxed and there is a flat shaft raising guaranteeing pot voltage doesn't surpass 200 NV. At the point when the shaft ascends to the necessary point, all the clips are fixed, anode bars are discharged, Gig outline moves to a reasonable situation over the pot ND a similar activity goes on in next portion of the pot.

4 Easy Steps to Creating a Bibliography in Microsoft Word

4 Easy Steps to Creating a Bibliography in Microsoft Word The assignments in front of you: Write a research paper and include a bibliography with properly cited sources. If you want to make the assignment as painless as possible, do what experienced academic writers do and go straight to Microsoft Word to build your bibliography as you write.With several options for online access to Microsoft Word, youll find that the software offers a great way to streamline the process of creating a bibliography and proper in-text citations as you begin the research process. Doing this as you writeâ€"instead of waiting for the end to put all the citations together into a bibliography, references, or works cited listâ€"makes writing a research paper so much easier.Step 1: Choose a style from the References tabFirst choose a style from the References tab.For this first step in creating your bibliography in Microsoft Word, locate the References tab at the top of your screen. Next, look for the Citations Bibliography group under the References tab. Click the drop-down box next to Style in the Citations Bibliography group and choose the appropriate style for your paper. The available styles are listed in alphabetical order, and likely will include some styles youve never heard of before, such as:APAChicagoGB771Gost â€" Name sortGost â€" Title sortHarvard â€" AngliaIEEEISO 690 â€" First element and dateISO 690 â€" Numerical referenceMLASIST02TurabianAfter completing this step, its time to write your paper and add citations.Step 2: Insert citations in the text of your documentAt this point in the progress of your research paper, youll need to insert a citation wherever source information is needed in the text. Whether this is a direct quote or paraphrasing the writing of another, citations are required for all research.To insert a citation, click the References tab. In the Citations Bibliography section, click the Insert Citation button to add a new source.Next insert citations in the text of your document.A window like the one in the i mage above should then pop up, allowing you to enter all the source information, including type of source, author, title, year, publisher and city of publication. The fields will change based on what type of source you choose. For example, if you choose to add a source that is a journal articleâ€"one of the most common types of sources used in researchâ€"the fields will be: Author, title, journal name, year, and page numbers (since these are the details required in a citation for a journal article). However, if you choose the type of source as sound recording, the fields will include: Composer, performer, title, year, city, state, and country.This is one of the great benefits to using Microsoft Word to create your paper and accompanying bibliography. The software ensures that the unique details of each sourceâ€"whether its a website, piece of artwork, or journal articleâ€"are correctly collected on the front-end in the writing process. When you reach the end of your initial draft, y our sources should be already included and managed, allowing you to create a bibliography at the literal touch of a button.A note on placeholdersYoull notice that when you press the Insert Citation button, youre given two choices: Add new source and add new placeholder. You should choose Add new source if you have most of the sources information. However, if you dont have very much information about the source but know that you are writing a paragraph or sentence that needs to be cited, you can choose Add new placeholder to create a placeholder citation for the text.Step 3: Manage your sourcesAfter you input all your sources for citations within your text, you will be able to manage the sources and include some (or all) in a master list. Clicking on Manage Sources within the Citations Bibliography section allows you to do this. Once clicked, this will take you to a list version of all the sources you have inputted thus far, allowing you to add them to (or subtract them from) a mast er list. It will also allow you to make any changes that are needed.Next you should manage your sources.Now from this menu, you can add, delete, and edit your sources. You will also be able to preview the sources bibliography format in the lower pane of the window that opens when you manage sources.Step 4: Add the bibliographyNow that youve completed your paper and added all sources, creating the bibliography is the easy part. Simply place your cursor where you want the bibliography to be in your paper, click on the References tab, then click Bibliography in the Citations Bibliography section. When you do this, a drop-down arrow will allow you to choose the correct title for your bibliographyâ€"either Bibliography, References, or Works Cited. Once youve chosen the title, click Insert Biography and voila! Your bibliography is inserted and formatted exactly as it should be for the style youve chosen.The last step is to add the bibliography.

4 Easy Steps to Creating a Bibliography in Microsoft Word

4 Easy Steps to Creating a Bibliography in Microsoft Word The assignments in front of you: Write a research paper and include a bibliography with properly cited sources. If you want to make the assignment as painless as possible, do what experienced academic writers do and go straight to Microsoft Word to build your bibliography as you write.With several options for online access to Microsoft Word, youll find that the software offers a great way to streamline the process of creating a bibliography and proper in-text citations as you begin the research process. Doing this as you writeâ€"instead of waiting for the end to put all the citations together into a bibliography, references, or works cited listâ€"makes writing a research paper so much easier.Step 1: Choose a style from the References tabFirst choose a style from the References tab.For this first step in creating your bibliography in Microsoft Word, locate the References tab at the top of your screen. Next, look for the Citations Bibliography group under the References tab. Click the drop-down box next to Style in the Citations Bibliography group and choose the appropriate style for your paper. The available styles are listed in alphabetical order, and likely will include some styles youve never heard of before, such as:APAChicagoGB771Gost â€" Name sortGost â€" Title sortHarvard â€" AngliaIEEEISO 690 â€" First element and dateISO 690 â€" Numerical referenceMLASIST02TurabianAfter completing this step, its time to write your paper and add citations.Step 2: Insert citations in the text of your documentAt this point in the progress of your research paper, youll need to insert a citation wherever source information is needed in the text. Whether this is a direct quote or paraphrasing the writing of another, citations are required for all research.To insert a citation, click the References tab. In the Citations Bibliography section, click the Insert Citation button to add a new source.Next insert citations in the text of your document.A window like the one in the i mage above should then pop up, allowing you to enter all the source information, including type of source, author, title, year, publisher and city of publication. The fields will change based on what type of source you choose. For example, if you choose to add a source that is a journal articleâ€"one of the most common types of sources used in researchâ€"the fields will be: Author, title, journal name, year, and page numbers (since these are the details required in a citation for a journal article). However, if you choose the type of source as sound recording, the fields will include: Composer, performer, title, year, city, state, and country.This is one of the great benefits to using Microsoft Word to create your paper and accompanying bibliography. The software ensures that the unique details of each sourceâ€"whether its a website, piece of artwork, or journal articleâ€"are correctly collected on the front-end in the writing process. When you reach the end of your initial draft, y our sources should be already included and managed, allowing you to create a bibliography at the literal touch of a button.A note on placeholdersYoull notice that when you press the Insert Citation button, youre given two choices: Add new source and add new placeholder. You should choose Add new source if you have most of the sources information. However, if you dont have very much information about the source but know that you are writing a paragraph or sentence that needs to be cited, you can choose Add new placeholder to create a placeholder citation for the text.Step 3: Manage your sourcesAfter you input all your sources for citations within your text, you will be able to manage the sources and include some (or all) in a master list. Clicking on Manage Sources within the Citations Bibliography section allows you to do this. Once clicked, this will take you to a list version of all the sources you have inputted thus far, allowing you to add them to (or subtract them from) a mast er list. It will also allow you to make any changes that are needed.Next you should manage your sources.Now from this menu, you can add, delete, and edit your sources. You will also be able to preview the sources bibliography format in the lower pane of the window that opens when you manage sources.Step 4: Add the bibliographyNow that youve completed your paper and added all sources, creating the bibliography is the easy part. Simply place your cursor where you want the bibliography to be in your paper, click on the References tab, then click Bibliography in the Citations Bibliography section. When you do this, a drop-down arrow will allow you to choose the correct title for your bibliographyâ€"either Bibliography, References, or Works Cited. Once youve chosen the title, click Insert Biography and voila! Your bibliography is inserted and formatted exactly as it should be for the style youve chosen.The last step is to add the bibliography.

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - Status of His Dream Today

On August 28, 1963, a quarter of a million people, mostly African Americans, gathered at the National Mall for The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. They came to express their discontent with the persistent racism of the nation, particularly that of the southern states where Jim Crow laws maintained racially separate and unequal societies. This gathering is considered a major event within the Civil Rights movement, and a catalyst for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, for subsequent protests that followed, and for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This day is most well remembered, though, for a spontaneous description of a better future given by The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., during his famous I Have a Dream speech. Prompted by Mahalia Jackson, who urged him to break from his prepared words to tell the crowd about his dream, King said: I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.  I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.  I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.  I have a dream today.  I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, w ith its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. The Philosophy and Practicalities of Dr. Kings Dream Dr. Kings dream of a society no longer plagued by racism reflected the one he and other members of the Civil Rights movement hoped would be the result of collective efforts to end systemic racism. Taking account of the many initiatives that Dr. King was a part of, and leader to, during his life, one can see the components and bigger picture of this dream. The dream included an end to racial segregation; an unimpeded right to vote and protection from racial discrimination in electoral processes; equal labor rights and protection from racial discrimination in the workplace; an end to police brutality; an end to racial discrimination in the housing market; minimum wage for all;  and economic reparations for all people hurt by the nations history of racism. The foundation of Dr. Kings work was an understanding of the connection between racism and economic inequality. He knew that Civil Rights legislation, useful though it would be, would not erase 500 years of economic injustice. So, his vision of a just society was premised on economic justice writ-large. This manifested in the Poor Peoples Campaign, and his critique of government funding of wars instead of public services and social welfare programs. A virulent critic of capitalism, he advocated for a systemic redistribution of resources. The Status of the Dream Today: Educational Segregation More than fifty years later, if we take stock of the various aspects of Dr. Kings dream, it is clear that it remains largely unrealized.  Though the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed racial segregation in schools, and a painful and bloody process of desegregation followed,  a May 2014 report from The Civil Rights Project at the University of California-Los Angeles found that schools have regressed to racial segregation over the last couple of decades. The study found that most white students attend schools that are 73 percent white, that the percentage of Black students in mostly minority schools has risen over the last two decades, that Black and Latino students are mostly sharing the same schools, and that the rise in segregation has been most dramatic for Latino students.  The study also found that segregation plays out across both race and class lines, with white and Asian students primarily attending middle-class schools, while black and Latino students are relegated to po or schools. Other studies show that black students face discrimination within schools that leads to them receiving more frequent and harsher discipline than their peers, which disrupts their educational process. The Status of the Dream Today: Voter Disenfranchisement Despite voter protections, racism still prohibits equal participation in democracy. As A. Gordon, a civil rights attorney wrote for The Root, passage of strict voter ID laws in 16 states are likely to bar many Black people from voting, as they are less likely to have state issued ID than persons of other races, and are more likely to be asked for ID than are white voters. Cuts to early voting opportunities are also likely to impact the Black population, who are more likely to take advantage of this service. Gordon also points out that implicit racial bias is likely to impact decisions made by those serving voters when issues of eligibility come up, and noted that a recent study found that legislators in support of stricter voter ID laws were more likely to respond to questions from a constituent when that person had a white name versus a name signaling Latino or African American heritage. The Status of the Dream Today: Workplace Discrimination While de jure  discrimination in the work place and hiring processes has been outlawed, de facto  racism has been documented by numerous studies over the years. Findings include that potential employers are more likely to respond to applicants with names they believe signal white race than those of other races; employers are  more likely to promote white men over all others;  and, faculty at universities are more likely to respond to prospective graduate students when they believe that person is a white male. Further, the persistent racial wage gap continues to show that the labor of white people is valued more than that of blacks and Latinos. The Status of the Dream Today: Housing Segregation Like education, the housing market remains segregated on the basis of race and class.  A 2012 study by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development  and the Urban Institute found that, though overt discrimination is mostly a thing of the past, subtle forms persist, and have clear negative consequences. The study found that real estate agents and housing providers routinely and systemically show more available properties to white people than they do to persons of all other races, and that this occurs across the nation. Because they have fewer options to choose from, racial minorities face higher housing costs. Other studies have found that Black and Latino homebuyers were disproportionately directed to unstable subprime mortgages, and as a result, were  far more likely than whites to lose their homes during the home mortgage foreclosure crisis. The Status of the Dream Today: Police Brutality In terms of police violence, since 2014, nationwide attention has turned to this deadly problem. Protests against the killing of unarmed and innocent black men and boys prompted many social scientists to revisit and republish data that show unequivocally that Black men and boys are racially profiled by police, and arrested, assaulted, and killed by officers at rates that far exceed those of other races. Critical work by the Department of Justice has brought improvements to many police departments across the nation, but the unending news of police killings of Black men and boys shows that the problem is widespread and persistent. The Status of the Dream Today: Economic Inequality Finally, Dr. Kings dream of economic justice for our nation is equally unrealized. Though we have minimum wage laws, the shift in work from stable, full-time jobs to contract and part-time work with minimum pay has left half of all Americans in or on the brink of poverty. The nightmare that King saw in the discrepancy between spending on war and spending on public services and social welfare has only gotten worse since then. And, instead of economic restructuring in the name of justice, we now live in the most economically unequal time in modern history, with the richest one percent controlling about half of all the worlds wealth. Black and Latino people continue to lag far behind white people and Asian Americans in terms of income and family wealth, which negatively impacts their quality of life, health, access to education, and overall life chances. We All Must Fight for the Dream The resurgent black Civil Rights movement, operating under the slogan Black Lives Matter, seeks to raise awareness of and combat these problems. But making Dr. Kings dream into a reality is not the work of black people alone, and it will never be a reality so long as those of us who are not burdened by racism continue to ignore its existence and consequences. Fighting racism, and creating a just society, are things for which each and every one of us bears responsibility—especially those of us who have been its beneficiaries.

Analysis Of Charles Burnett s Film, The Killer Of Sheep,...

Film is, and has been one of the most significant aspects of American culture for over one hundred years. In addition to entertainment value, film plays crucial social role in conveying the struggles, and hardships of various groups. The importance of film is constantly being changed and driven forward by filmmakers. Without influential directors, there would be no driving force making films that entertain and inform about the perspective of different groups of people. Throughout the history of film, there have been certain directors whose work was so influential it changed the entire film industry. One such director is Charles Burnett. Through his films, Burnett birthed the idea of African American film, films that are made and acted by African Americans that display the struggles of African American people. The themes and ideas that Charles Burnett featured in his films would go on to be the foundation for other filmmaker’s films during African Americans film’s rise to prominence. This paper will focus on the cornerstone themes of Burnett’s work as seen in his films The Killer of Sheep, and My Brothers Wedding. In particular, themes such as family and self-identity will be explored. Links between the themes of these films and more modern films will then be made. In order to understand the significance of Charles Burnett as a filmmaker, an understanding of the history of African Americans in film needs to be established. The origins of African Americans in film

Working for a Manager or a Leader Free Essays

If I had to make a choice between working for a Manager and working for a Leader, I would, first of all, consider working environment. If business is stable and the company needs mostly organizational administration, then a Manager can be preferable type of the superior. Managers are perfect in organizing people to achieve the goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Working for a Manager or a Leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are directing the work of their subordinates according to the plans, which are already established by someone else. Managers are great in performing routine activities, as well as supervising and controlling. Managers are usually the bosses, who appreciate strict order and discipline at work, and I suppose, this is very important for successful performance. But frequently business is dynamic and rapidly developing environment, which requires making a lot of risky decisions and looking for new directions all the time. In such situation, I think, it would be preferable to work for a Leader. Unlike the Managers, the Leaders know how to set up goals, motivate the employees for achieving these goals and initiate changes. Leaders can inspire their subordinates for personal improvement, support them, help them to find own place in the sun and to break a deadlock. Finally, the subordinates became the followers, who trust and understand their Leader and are ready to do the right thing. Therefore, working for a Leader brings more job satisfaction, favors personal development and can be a good challenge for ambitious employees. Bibliography:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vikesland, G. (n.d.). Are You a Manager or a Leader? Employer-Employee. Online Information Portal. Retrieved March 9, 2007, from http://www.employer-employee.com/august2001tips.html. How to cite Working for a Manager or a Leader, Essay examples

The Darkness Out Essay Example For Students

The Darkness Out Essay I enjoyed both the test and the darkness out there, however I did prefer the tests ending because it was very unpredictable, it had a twist, and the whole story was gripping from start to finish. The darkness out there however had less drastic ending but was still powerful in its own way. I will demonstrate this in my essay by comparing the build up to both endings and the endings themselves. I will conclude on which ending I prefer and why. The tests is written in third person narrative and potrays the test of a lawyer, trying to proove a teenage boy innocent of stabbing one of his enemies. When all the evidence is stacked against him. Throught the story the writter gives you the impression that the boy is guilty , for example ; one of the witnesses testifys that I seen the boy, the one over there, running away with a knife in his hand. This evidence is compiled with other hard evidence which gives the reader reason to believe that proving the boy innocent would be near impossible . The boy however is adamant that he didnt commit the crime, and will not plead guilty even when he knows that pleading innocent could result in the death penalty. Time passes in the courtroom and the prosecution councils case seems to get stronger and stronger until Vernon Wedge ( the lawyer) has the idea of an extremely sophisticated blood test which could mean life or death for the boy. There is then a drastic twist in the ending of the story. When Vernon is about to use the test as evidence in the courtroom the prosecution objects, and his evidence is impermissible, this however is what Vernon had predicted and the prosecutions objection sways the decision of he jury. Vernon is still curious to know whether the boy is innocent or not, and wishes to go ahead with the test in his private chambers, just as he is about to commence the Father of the defendant cuts his own hand with the knife leaving he reader in an ambiguous state, and you are left draw your own conclusions. The darkness out there is a much more subtle story it tells the tale of young girl and her fears of a nearby spinney, called Packers End. Sandra and her friends have always feared the wood, whether it was beasts and witches or nazis and gypsies, they were always weary when passing it. Sandra works for a home help club where adolescents are sent in pairs to attend the houses of the elderley and it so happens that on that day she was to visit a house which backed onto Packers End. The thought of this stirs up all the fears which she had once had. She and a boy named Kerry reached the house of the old woman and began to do chores, after a while they sit down for tea and biscuits and the sweet frail old woman tells them the story of the day the nazi plane crashed in Packers End . The womans tone soon shifts to a wicked unremoriseful fiend as she explains how she and a friend found the crashed german plane with living casualty on board and did nothing to help him, as he cried in pain for over a day. This infuriates kerry and gives Sandra a new meaning to life . She learns that there is a darker side to every person and that nobody is good through and through. The two endings are very differnt but in some sences are alike. The test is compelling and almost energetic. It makes you intrested triggers acctive and deep thought as does the darkness out there. .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 , .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .postImageUrl , .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 , .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4:hover , .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4:visited , .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4:active { border:0!important; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4:active , .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4 .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u052265e885274395ccb130c71031e9c4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss Shakespeare's portrayal of Shylock in 'The Merchant of Venice': is he portrayed as victim or villain EssayBoth of the stories also convey the message that things ane not always as hey seem. The darkness out there is much subtler, it plays on mental fears, rather than physical fears as the test does and uses much more discriptive writting than the test. Both storys leave their readers in a state of thought, the test because you are left to dicide the verdict (giulty or not-giulty), the darkness out there because the reader is left pondering on weather Sandras thoughts are intirely realistic or not. After compairing the two endings and reading both storys I have dicided that I prefer the ending of the test. At first I did not feel satisfied after the story as it left me with no sence of compleation, but after reveiwing my thoughts I dicided that rather than be fustraed I should come to my own conclusion of the boys inocence, wich in my case was that he was giulty and the father was aware of this, which is what possessed him to cut his hand and prevent Vernon from knoring the truth. After comming to this conclusion I felt much mors rewarded and forfilled by reading the story. The darkness out there was not compelling enough and did not have enough body to test my thought pattern. I prefer storys wich have quite puzzling endings which this story did not have.

Latino Population Heterogeneity, Migration, Acculturation and Health

About and For with Adjectives

About and For with Adjectives About and For with Adjectives About and For with Adjectives By Maeve Maddox The recent post on excited for got me thinking that a list of adjectives that take about and for might be useful. for eager for happy for (as in Im happy for you because you have succeeded.) therapeutic for unsuitable for about adamant about enthusiastic about exuberant about exultant about excited about elated about flippant about guarded about gullible about happy about (as in Im happy about my promotion.) irate about knowledgeable about nosy about overjoyed about phobic about relieved about snobbish about vague about Here are some quotations from newspapers: Sharks Evander Kane eager for 1st playoffs in 9th season Jaguars coach Doug Marrone happy for Bills, but wont delve into his odd exit from Buffalo. Such an announcement is inappropriate. If the Captain determined the airplane was unsuitable for the flight, it is his or her responsibility and Quarry neighbors irate about dumping, water quality. Benton Township residents near the Rocky Ridge Development quarry are upset about Detroit Lions veteran players are excited about first-round draft pick Frank Ragnow. He took snaps at both center and left guard at rookie Kristin Higgins was adamant about not pushing girly stereotypes on her daughter, and painted her room in shades of green. Higgins later Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101One Fell SwoopHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Brain-computer interface Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brain-computer interface - Essay Example The study starts by having a hypothesis on the continued growth in technology as the main approach is ensuring continuity in Brain-computer interface. The first experiment on Google was to determine if Brain-computer interface is accompanied by an easier platform in the working conditions or harder. Installing the use of Brain-computer interface infrastructure, matches recommended infrastructure such as that of IBM, HP, Microsoft, Sun, EMC and Oracle (Tan and Nijholt 13). Brain-computer interface refers to the virtual delivery of computing technology as a service as opposed to being a product. According to Tan and Nijholt (26), with the use of Brain-computer interface, shared resources such as software and information is shared through interlinked networks on the internet. Studies on Amazon and sales force adopt the nature of working with the application of the new technology. The networks operate on a virtual platform assuring displacement of information in all the connected networks. Data warehousing is a database that organizations use for analysis and reporting. Data stored in the ware house is uploaded from operational systems, which may pass through operational data store to gain additional information before stored in the Data warehouse for reporting usage. In the research analysis by Tan and Nijholt, a simple data warehouse uses staged data to integrate and access layers in housing key functions. In the staging process, raw data is stored. In tegration involves layer integration where data is placed in hierarchical groups. The access layer is hence used by the user to retrieve data. The linkage between the two systems is applicable in many levels (Tan and Nijholt 26). The 21st century has been converted with the emerging effect displayed by the brain-computer interface environment creates an interesting merge of information. Data warehousing performs the same effect of what is does to the web server. It will raise the

The Industrial Revolution and its Impact on the United States Research Paper - 1

The Industrial Revolution and its Impact on the United States - Research Paper Example On the technology front, the biggest advancements were in steam power. New fuels such as coal and petroleum, were incorporated into new steam engines. This revolutionized many industries including textiles and manufacturing. Also, a new communication medium was invented called the telegraph. This made communicating across the ocean much faster . The invention of steam power gave momentum to the development of rail transport in America. Moreover, petroleum and diesel engine engines were also discovered followed by the steam engine. All these discoveries contributed heavily to the development of transportation facilities and infrastructure. Before the introduction of these engines, Americans were using other means of transport which were comparatively slower that that with automobiles. In other words, the distance between different places appeared to be more than what it is today, before the introduction of of engines and the subsequent discoveries of automobiles. Along with the discovery of automobiles, industrial revolution brought another major breakthrough in communication in the form of the discovery of telegraph. Telegraph and automobiles contributed heavily to the development of communication and transportation which in turn gave momentum to the development of manufacturing units or industries and businesses across Amer ica. The full impact of the Industrial Revolution would not begin to be realized until about 100 years later in the 1800s, when the use of machines to replace human labor spread throughout Europe and North America .

Shostakovichs Chamber Music and Musical Tradition

Shostakovichs Chamber Music and Musical Tradition To what extent does Shostakovich draw on musical tradition in his chamber music? Your answer must be supported by a discussion of two or three appropriate pieces of chamber music by Shostakovich that you have studied in the module materials. Musical tradition has been part of our cultural heritage for as long as we can remember. Still it is not that simple to define. One can say that traditional music are songs and tunes which have been passed down orally for generations, and are often folk songs, country dance and similar, but it can also be pieces of written music from early composers etc. We are going to look at three compositions of chamber music written by the Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-75). String Quartet No.2: first movement String Quartet No. 7: second movement Piano Trio No. 2: last movement The discussion is whether these are more of a traditional Classical musical structure, or an expression of a musical artist, that uses different elements to dissent from prevailing political ideologies at a time when the Communist Soviet Union restricted an artists freedom of speech. Originally, chamber music was written with the intention for small groups to play for private functions, and as the number of instrument were so few, there was no need of a conductor. That is one of the reasons that chamber music by its nature is so intimate. They have to learn how to communicate with each other with eye-contact and signs between themselves. String Quartet is a genre of chamber music which originated around 1760-1820, the Classical period of western music. The traditional ensemble is made up of two violins, a viola and a cello, sitting in a slightly curved line to be able to see each other. There are four movements in a Classical string quartet. One of the significant differences of this Shostakovich string quartet is, that in the first movement, it is actually written in a typically classical sonata form. (Samson Diamond, speaking in Shostakovich, scene 5). The first movement of String Quartet No. 2 is divided into three parts: Exposition Development Recapitulation. In the exposition, where the theme is, are two melodic ideas presented, traditionally played by the first violinist. Dominantly and energetic, he is accompanied by the other three. Then, the second violinist is getting more purposeful and intense with her bow strokes, following by the viola. The cello is playing contrasting and forceful in a lower pitch. The second melody coming up, is lacking the forceful strong moves from the previous section, but expresses more intense winding. At this point, Shostakovich decides not to follow the traditional structure, of continuing straight to the development. Instead he dissents from this by showing a hint to repeat the exposition instead of moving on to the development, although he does not. In the development, the melodies changes, and the first violinist becomes again more dominant, and the music becomes more intense and pulsating with a different tone colour to the exposition. Then, after the development, the sonatas recapitulation restates the theme, more intense and reversed. Shostakovich wrote fifteen string quartets, which are highly expressive and very personal. many composers used chamber music to give us the truest portraits of themselves, their most intimate thoughts and feelings. (Reading 6.1 in Richards, 2008, p. 223). Which explains why the quartets he decided to dedicate, were to family and close friends only, unlike his symphonies that were tributes to national events. The String Quartet no. 7, is in F sharp minor, a musical key, which is traditionally associated with pain and suffering. This quartet was written in memory to his wife Nina, whose sudden death affected Shostakovich profoundly, which clearly mirrored the choice of key for this piece. The second movement of a quartet (Lento), is traditionally the most expressive and personal of the four movements, where the music is transmitting the meaning, and that is definitely the case here. In a classical string quartet, there are usually four movements, but for some reason, Shostakovich breaks away from the traditional structure, and uses only three linked movements: Allegretto Lento Allegro The Heath Quartet, which are playing the second movement on the DVD (Shostakovich, 2008, scene 7) opens first with the second violin playing a seductive and controlled melody, which continues throughout the movement. Then the first violinist enters, playing a pitch higher, and the effect is almost hypnotic with the winding melody from the second violin. Both of violins are muted with an object that restricts the vibrations and changes the sound. Shostakovich uses the mute quite often in his work to gain the desired intensity of the movement. I think it adds to the stifled expression, the kind of emotion that is under the surface, that never really shows itself in the slow movement. (Oliver Heath, speaking in Shostakovich, 2008, scene 7) Piano Trio No.2 is another chamber work where Shostakovich expresses his grief and despair. It is a different type of chamber work to Quartet No. 7, for the reason that here there are three solo instruments: violin, cello and piano, and it is made up of four movements. Initially, in the 17th century, the piano trio was in a three movement form, but with the early 19th century, some composers like Beethoven for example, preferred to cast in the four movement form. Shostakovich was the one composer that definitely looked back at other composers. He is very often avant-garde on certain things. But he studied the compositions of great masters like Beethoven. (Michael Gurevich, speaking in Shostakovich, 2008, Scene 1). It was both national and personal tragedy that drove him to write this piece of music. It was finished in the spring of 1944, after WWII. Russia was in a state of exhaustion and the facts of the horrifying death camps and the fate of the Jews had started to unravel. Shostakovich had also lost his closest friend and mentor, Ivan Sollertinsky, when he was composing the Piano Trio. Shortly after, when Shostakovich had finished the trio, he decided to dedicate it in memory of his friend, following in a tradition of Russian elegiac piano trios, similar to Tchaikovsky, who had dedicated his trio to Nicholas Rubinstein. The final movement of Piano Trio No.2 (Shostakovich, 2008, Track 19), brings together many of the various elements being used until now; the ghostly opening, the frenzy crash of chords in a furious pace. Glee and madness following the anguish in the final movement. The whole piece of the fourth movement is under shadow of death and frustration, and it evoked controversial reactions from the critiques. This movement is nothing less than a gruesome dance of death; its quiet ending is the stillness of the mass grave. (Huth, 2005, in Richards, 2008, in Richards, p. 220). The Soviet Communist ideology was idealism, and therefore it expected Shostakovich finales to finish on a high spirit. However, Shostakovich choses to express dissent by showing the truest portrait of reality through his music. The Jewishness in Shostakovichs music was another factor that provoked dissent under the Stalin regime, because; distinctive Jewish culture was anti-Soviet, and therefore undesirable. (Richards, 2008, p.195). Nevertheless, Shostakovich kept making use of Jewish elements in his music, like Jewish folk poetry and melodies. One critique writes, after hearing Piano Trio No. 2; This is Klezmer, the wild music of Jewish celebration,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Philip, 2005, in Richards, p. 221). Shostakovich says in Testimony: Jews were tormented for so long that they have learned to hide their despair. They express despair in dance music. and he adds; Jews became a symbol for meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I tried to convey that feeling in my music. (Reading 6.2 in Richards, 2008, p.224). Many of his works were forbidden because of the anti-Semitism, and his use of musical material that provoked dissent. Despite his efforts to hide the real meaning, some of his music could not be performed until long after Stalins death in 1953. Much of Shostakovichs music follows the traditional Classical musical structures, and as any musical tradition that is still alive, it is destined to become tradition. (1317 words) Bibliography Richards, F. (2008) Dmitri Shostakovich, AA 100 Book 2, Chapter 6. Shostakovich (2008) AA 100 Audio CD. Shostakovich (2008) AA 100 DVD Video. The Open University (2014) Exploring Music, https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=855780section=5.4 (Accessed 29 January 2017).

Comparing Reality and Illusion in Glass Menagerie, Death of a Salesman, and A Raisin in the Sun :: comparison compare contrast essays

Reality vs. Illusion in The Glass Menagerie, The Death of a Salesman, and A Raisin in the Sun   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All three stories are centered on lower income families in urban settings. Each story has one main dreamer with other characters being in various states of reality. Amanda Wingfield, Willy Loman, and Walter Lee Younger are all living on pipe dreams. Amanda dreams of her days on the front porch surrounded by her gentleman callers. Willy is the all time king of pipe dreams bouncing from past to future with imagining how everything would have been different if he had gone to Alaska (or Africa) with his brother Ben or will be different when Howard makes him showroom salesman at the home office or Biff gets ten (fifteen) thousand dollars for his new business idea. Walter Lee is a smart hard working man but he is so eager to be financially successful that his common sense is blurred and he allows con man Willie Harris to take him for the families ten thousand dollars. Amanda's reality check comes from another dreamer, her son, Tom who is totally annoyed by Amanda's nagging and domineering, he thinks that everything will be better if he can just get away. Amanda and her family go on living their fantasy lives. Willy gets it from all sides; primarily his conflict is with Biff but also Charley, Howard, and Bernard. He is an average man who truly believes he is better than those around him, and that his sons, especially Biff, are greater still, but people, he has very little respect for, are all more successful than he is. Biff starts out like Willy perhaps but comes to the realization that being an average man is okay. Willy never comes to that conclusion; in fact he decides he is more valuable dead than alive. Walter Lee probably has the best grasp on reality and the highest hill to climb of all the dreamers in these stories. This story could probably only take place in a northern city in the United States at that time. His reality check comes from Lena Younger, his mother, a highly spiritual woman with a strong sense of what right and wrong is. Lena has raised Walter Lee to be a good man but he is eager to find a shortcut out of the ghetto and be treated with respect.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Essay

According to Atlas (2008), Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a multidisciplinary approach to prevent criminal behavior through environmental design. In order to achieve deterrence effects of criminal behavior, CPTED strategies have been designed to rely on their ability to influence offender’s decision that precedes criminal acts. Therefore CPTED can be seen as an approach to problem solving that takes into account the environmental conditions and the opportunities they offer for criminal behavior occurrence (Cornish and Clarke 1986). Thereafter, it utilizes those perceived opportunities responsible for causing crimes to control access, provide opportunity to see and to be seen and defines ownership while encouraging territory maintenance (Luedtke et al, 1970). In this context CPTED approach to criminology differs greatly from other policing approaches in the sense that CPTED focuses on design in crime prevention unlike other approaches that employ target hardening. Furthermore, CPTED encourage crime prevention through design and place, while policing values effective response to crime incidences by identification and arresting the offenders (Kruger and Liebermann, 2001). In this regard, crime prevention through environmental design can be considered to be slightly different from traditional policing, but its consistent with problem- oriented policing in four ways: first, touches on the broad scope of problem and not crime only; second, involves systematic analysis of crime factors, events and conditions that fosters crime occurrence; third, leads to design of proactive strategies tailored to problem and the specific geographical locations; fourth, involves all stakeholders and makes them active participants for the program for sake of long–term achievement and improvement (Cornish and Clarke 1986). However, it should be noted that CPTED approach focus on design and not safety, and on productive use not security. Therefore this unique focus makes it people centered as opposed to the view that it is police responsibility. However, the tool of design and techniques fall purview of policing prompting it to be a team effort, and thus police participate in the program but do not necessarily control. Historical evolution since 1970s The origin and formulation leading to emergence of CPTED was initially done by criminologist Jeffery Ray who termed it as defensible space and later on it was improved on by architect Newman Oscar (Jeffery1977; Newman1972). It’s a point of worth to note that both Newman and Jeffery were building on the work of Elizabeth Wood. By 1990s Jeffery and Newman models were expanded to involve a multidisciplinary with Newman`s model limiting itself to the built environment. But by 2004, the adopted CPTED model s were those of Newman and Crowe, since Jeffery model was more of psychology and biology and could not fully support the 2nd generation CPTED (Jeffery1977; Newman1972; Crowe, 2000). Furthermore, in 2005 CPTED has gained internationally recognition and acceptance with dropping off Jeffery `s notion of offender’s internal environment (Jeffery1977 Crowe, 2000). The theoretically foundation evolution of CPTED can be traced back in 1960s when Elizabeth Wood developed guidelines aimed at addressing security issues when she was working with Chicago housing authority (Clarke, 1992). In her guidelines, she emphasized on the design that would lead to supporting natural surveillability, though Elizabeth’s ideas were never implemented, they evolved into simple implementation such as street lights to distinguish between outlaws and thieves from legitimate travelers (Luedtke et al, 1970). Today, evolution of theories and research behind CPTED design are rooted in the environmental criminology theories which explain the relationship between place and crime; and also borrow some ideas from rational theories focusing on situational prevention (Clarke, 1992). Both cluster of theories focus on the crime events and how criminal understand and use environmental to their advantage to commit crimes. This evolution in research and theoretical foundation has played a central role in informing strategic design to employ. Strategies utilized in CPTED Strategies formulation in relation to CPTED approach are rooted in the theoretical foundation and scholarly research conducted by criminologists. Crowe (2000) reports that the central tenet used to arrive at the strategies is the analysis of crime and the environment where it occur using an analytic question â€Å"why here†. Furthermore, such analyses have proved that: crimes are specific and situational; crime distribution correlates to land use and transport network; and offenders are usually optimistic and commits crime in place they know well (Atlas, 2008). Moreover, these analyses reveal that opportunities for crime arise out of daily activities and crime places that are often without observer. In reaction to the analyses, criminologists who are proponents of CPTED designed necessary strategies in line with the findings. These are; Natural surveillance, target hardening, terrestrial reinforcement and natural access control (Newman1972; Crowe, 2000) Territorial reinforcement This is physical design that extends a sphere of influence that enhances users to develop sense of territorial control while potential criminals are discouraged while perceiving these controls (Goldstein, 1990). This is promoted and facilitated by features defining property line such as public and private, signs, pavement designs, or gardens well maintained indicate someone takes care of it. This ensures that only persons that belong to a particular place are their. Target hardening Target hardening strategy in CPTED is usually accomplished by features that prohibit access or entry (Kruger and Liebermann, 2001). These features can include locks, interior door hinges or dead bolt for door, gates units points of entry to certain place, fences, trees line, support of alarm system is also useful and can reinforce the design (Cohen, 1979). Natural surveillance These are programs designed aiming at keeping offenders or intruders observable, this is attained by place design that gives an opportunity to see site perimeter or designs that facilitate to see or/and be seen (Kruger and Liebermann, 2001). It is usually achieved through sufficient lighting that enables to observe activities and individuals, building location and orientation, windows that offer two way views. The design features that facilitate natural surveillance need to be supported by observer or CCTV to maximize its effectiveness (Atlas, 2008). Natural access control This strategy aims at decreasing crime opportunity by employing design that denies access to crime targets while at the same time creating a risk perception in criminals (Goldstein, 1990). The strategy is achieved through street designs like side walks, entrance construction and neighbor’s gates; in order to prohibit entrance to private places that discourages ill motives. However, the essence and usefulness of the strategies used in CPTED is not in their effective design, but rather in their implementation and application to offer desired goal (Cornish and Clarke 1986). It`s indisputable that application of CPTED to community has resulted to impressive results that Atlas (2008) reports that accounts to 40% decline in crimes occurrence and prevalence in areas where it has been implemented, this has been accrued to design that minimizes criminal behaviors while encouraging individuals to keep eye on each other, therefore proper implementation is critical to program success. Application and Implementation of CPTED The problem solving approach that uses CPTED is applied in a series of steps that are designed to respond to: what is the problem? Why here? What can be done to solve it? And how well do we solve the problem? (Kruger and Liebermann, 2001) In order to address and satisfy these hypothetical questions in analyzing a crime scene to inform prevention through CPTED approach, application and implementation is usually done through four phases. These four phases of application as stipulated by Goldstein (1990) are: scanning, analyzing, response and assessment (Table1. Application and implementation phases). These phases of application and implementation stages addresses environmental design issues that are critical to applying CPTED strategies in order to solve security problems. Importantly, various factors ought to be considered when applying the program in relation to specific locations and circumstances. As Atlas (2008) acknowledges, easy said than done also do apply to implementation of CPTED program. Challenges in implementing CPTED Like any other project, implementation is usually engulfed in normal problems that face any change process not mentioning resistance. However, the major problems that can be conceptualized in the implementation process of CPTED program are two. First, time allocation for the program implementation may hamper realization of the project goals (Cohen, 1979; Goldstein, 1990). This is in the sense that sometimes time allocated for the implementation of the program may require additional of a longer duration as a result of complexities arising from project implementation while impacting a larger geographical area with a larger number of stakeholders (Table2. Stakeholders involved in CPTED implementation). Secondly, the cost of implementing CPTED program requires significant capital investment (Cohen, 1979) that is really a barrier. However, the challenges of implementation are inventible, yet they can be solved through efficient and effective leadership, increased participation and involvement, and wider consultation with all stakeholders for any given CPTED program.

The Sociological Challenges to Religious Belief Essay

The Sociological Challenges to Religious Belief The sociological approach to religious belief looks at how society behaves on a whole, to answer the question, Why are people religious? Durkheim tried to show that religion, despite its importance to the religious individual, was a separate social experience. He defined religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things. Therefore we must understand sacred symbols and what they represent. As a Functionalist, religion maintains social stability by removing tension that can disrupt social order. Religion is seen in a positive light, promoting harmony in society. He studied the Australian Aborigines, where each clan†¦show more content†¦Marx had a utopian vision of the future in which all people would be equal because the class system would no longer exist and no one would be exploited. He thought society fell into two groups, the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. The ruling class owned the means of production whilst the working class could sell their labour to the ruling class. The ruling class exploited the proletariat by paying them very little. This resulted in the proletariat feeling alienated from society. He believed that the only way out of this situation was for the proletariat to rise up against the ruling class and seize the means of production. Once the people owned the means of production, social classes would disappear and there would be no need for religion, since it existed only under the old social conditions. Religion was seen as an illusion, it dulls the pain of oppression for the proletariat but at the same time it blinds them form their true reality, stopping them seeing what needs to be done to end their exploitation, as Marx infamously puts it, It is the opium of the people. 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Whether it is an instinctual component of human existence or a way of survival as learned from previous generations, social reform is an integral part of Western culture’s growthRead MoreReligion As A Cultural System1601 Words   |  7 PagesSociologists define religion as a cultural system of commonly shared beliefs and rituals that provides a sense of ultimate meaning and purpose by creating an idea of reality that is sacred, all-encompassing and supernatural (Durkheim in Giddens 2006 p.534). Religion can be viewed as a lifestyle or culture for some people: This culture entails united beliefs, the same values, customs and philosophies that generates a shared distinctiveness among a group of people. All religions have a behaviouralRead MoreEssay about The Sociology of the Industriali zation Process690 Words   |  3 Pagessociology. The Sociological theories helps to understand the structure and dynamics of the industrialization process, and to resolve its concomitant social problems, like high levels of crime. It is concerned largely with urban societies, and seeks to understand how individuals fit into mass society, how inequalities based on race, gender and class arise and are perpetuated, how bureaucracies work. The process generated due to the critical analysis about society, which challenges what, is normallyRead MoreSimilarities In The Opposition. Ideas Do Not Prove Their909 Words   |  4 PagesSimilarities in the Opposition Ideas do not prove their value until they withstand the challenge of being questioned. On the surface, professor Craig Martin and anthropologist Clifford Geertz approach analyzing religion with opposing views. Martin dismisses definitions of religion claiming that no definition can encompass the practical use of the word and instead provides a step by step approach to explaining beliefs and actions in the perspective of a methodological atheist. Geertz, however, provides